Phofo ea khetla e bolela phofo e entsoeng ka ho sila le ho sila likhetla. Metsoako ea eona ea 95% ke calcium carbonate, chitin, le li-amino acid tse nyane le li-polysaccharides. E ka sebelisoa e le thepa ea maemo a holimo bakeng sa lijo, litlolo le mekhabiso ea kahare, 'me e sebelisoa liphoofolong le likhoho. Lijo le lijo tse ling tse tlatsetsang mohloling oa calcium, ts'ebetso ea mabenyane, litlolo tse qhibilihisang, jj. Pente ea phofo ea khetla ke pente e ncha ea ntlafatso ea kahare ea ntlo lilemong tsa morao tjena.

1. Ho monya formaldehyde 2. Ho hlwekisa moya 3. Ho fedisa mosebetsi wa monko 4. Ditlamorao tsa ho lwantsha dibaktheria le dikokwana-hloko