Tšepe e khubelu ea oxide e sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse kang lithaele tse mebala, samente e mebala, lipente tsa meaho, lipente le enke. Hona joale, tlhahiso ea tšepe e khubelu ea oxide e hloekileng haholo Chaena e sebelisa haholo-holo maqephe a tšepe a nang le khabone e tlase kapa letsoai la tšepe le felileng le theko e phahameng e le thepa e tala.

1. Tšepe e khubelu ea oxide e sebelisoa haholo indastering e kang ea kaho, rabara, polasetiki le lipente. Haholo-holo primer e khubelu ea tšepe e na le ts'ebetso ea ho thibela mafome, e ka nkang sebaka sa pente e khubelu e turang le ho boloka litšepe tse se nang ferrous.

2. Tšepe e khubelu e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea thepa ea kaho bakeng sa samente e mebala, lithaele tsa fatše tsa samente e mebala, lithaele tsa samente e mebala, lithaele tsa khalase tsa maiketsetso, lithaele tsa fatše tsa konkreite, seretse se mebala, asphalt e mebala, terrazzo, lithaele tsa mosaic, 'mabole oa maiketsetso le pente ea lebota. E sebelisoa haholo indastering ea pente ho etsa lipente tse fapaneng, lipente le enke. Liindastering tse ling, tse kang letsopa, rabara, polasetiki, pente ea ho bentša letlalo, jj. E sebelisoa e le ntho e daeang le e tlatsang.

3. E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho taka pente, rabara, polasetiki, meralo, jj. Ho phaella moo, mebala ea tšepe ea oxide e ka boela ea sebelisoa bakeng sa ho taka litlolo tse fapaneng, pampiri le letlalo.

4. Tšepe e khubelu e sebelisoa haholo-holo ho penteng (ho penteng, ho penteng ea lebota la kantle) le thepa ea kaho (asphalt e mebala-bala, litene tsa litsela, majoe a setso, jj.).

5. Ehlile, e boetse e loketse ho etsa pampiri, polasetiki, lisebelisoa tsa ho sireletsa maqephe, enke, liseramike, jj.

6. Tšepe e khubelu ea oxide e sebetsa holim'a lihlahisoa tsa khalase, lihlahisoa tsa khalase, khalase e bataletseng (tlhahiso ea phaphametse), le khalase ea optical.

Karolo ea tšepe e khubelu ea oxide konkreiteng le tšebeliso ea eona e le pigment kapa colorant konkreiteng e fapaneng e entsoeng esale pele le thepa ea lihlahisoa tsa kaho e ka fetisetsoa le ho sebelisoa ka kotloloho, joalo ka holim'a libaka tse fapaneng tsa konkreite tse mebala-bala tsa ka tlung le kantle, joalo ka mabota, fatše, jj. Le li-ceramic tse fapaneng tsa meralo le li-ceramic tse bentšitsoeng, joalo ka lithaele tsa ceramic, lithaele tsa fatše, jj.

Mebala e khubelu/e mosehla/e ntšo ea tšepe oxide e sebelisoa haholo penteng ea likoloi, pente ea lehong, pente ea meralo, pente ea indasteri, pente ea phofo, pente ea bonono, hammoho le polasetiki, ho etsa tšepe, rabara, enke, lijo, litlolo, letsopa, enamel, indasteri ea sesole, lifofane, lifofane le masimo a mang. Haholo-holo ha mebala e metle haholo ea tšepe oxide e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho kopanya mebala ea tlhaho, ha e nontše 'mala oa mebala feela empa e boetse e ntlafatsa chromaticity ea tsona, e na le phello ea ho ntlafatsa haholo le ho lefella khanyetso e mpe ea boemo ba leholimo ea mebala ea tlhaho ha e sebelisoa e le 'ngoe. Tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea mebala e metle haholo ea tšepe oxide ke ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea boemo ba leholimo, ponaletso, le ts'ebetso ea ho monya UV ea liphahlo, e leng se etsang hore li lokele haholo bakeng sa liphahlo tsa likoloi. Litsamaisong tse nang le oli kapa tse thehiloeng metsing, li kopantsoe le mebala ea aluminium le phofo ea pearlescent ho hlahisa litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa pente ea tšepe ea flash; Ha e kopantsoe le mebala ea tlhaho, ha e ntlafatse khanyetso ea boemo ba leholimo ea pente feela, empa hape e fihlela litlamorao tsa 'mala tse ka finyelloang feela ka mebala e turang ea tlhaho, e fokotsang haholo litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea pente ea likoloi.

Mahlasedi a ultraviolet ke sesosa se seholo se senyang patsi, 'me li-pigment tsa iron oxide tse ntle haholo li ka monya mahlaseli a ultraviolet ka matla. Ha mahlaseli a ultraviolet a otla patsi e koahetsoeng ka li-pigment tsa iron oxide tse ntle haholo holim'a metsi, e ka monngoa ke ultrafine iron oxide, ka hona e sireletsa patsi le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba eona ba ts'ebeletso; Thepa e bonaletsang ea thepa ea iron oxide e ntle haholo e ka boloka sebopeho sa tlhaho le 'mala o bonolo oa patsi, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng haholo pente ea thepa ea ka tlung ea lepolanka.

Ponaletso e phahameng, matla a ho penta a mangata, le ho monngoa ha khanya ea ultraviolet ea li-pigment tsa ultrafine iron oxide li ekelitse ts'ebeliso ea tsona ka ho tsoelang pele lipolasetiking. Ka bobeli ke lintho tse mebala-bala le lintho tse sireletsang UV. Lijana tsa polasetiki tse bonaletsang tse dailoeng ka ultrafine iron oxide ha li na feela litlamorao tse ntle tsa 'mala tse bonaletsang, empa hape li fana ka tšireletso bakeng sa lintho tse utloang bohloko ka UV ka har'a setshelo.

Liaparo tse nang le li-pigment tsa iron oxide tse ntle haholo li ka hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea litlamorao tsa 'mala lits'ebetsong tsa tšepe, ka botsitso bo matla ba 'mala le khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso, e leng se etsang hore li sebelisoe haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa pente e itlotsang le masimong a pente ea ho baka.