Graphite ke mofuta oa kristale oa carbon.Sistimi ea kristale ea hexagonal, ka enke ea tšepe ho ea ho 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi.Density 2.25 g/cm3, hardness 1.5, melting point 3652 ℃, beiling point 4827 ℃.Bonolo ka sebopeho, se nang le maikutlo a boreleli.Lintho tsa lik'hemik'hale ha li sebetse, li thibela kutu, 'me ha li sebetse habonolo ka li-acids, alkalis, joalo-joalo. Ho matlafatsa mocheso moeeng kapa oksijene ho ka chesa le ho hlahisa carbon dioxide.Li-oxidants tse matla li tla e kenya ka har'a organic acid.E sebelisoa e le ntho e thibelang khohlano le lintho tse tlotsang, ho etsa li-crucibles, li-electrode, libeteri tse omeletseng, le li-pencil lead.graphite e phahameng ea bohloeki e ka sebelisoa e le molebeli oa neutron ho li-reactor tsa nyutlelie.Hangata e bitsoa mashala kapa loto e ntšo hobane pele e ne e nkoa ka phoso e le loto.

Tšebeliso e ka sehloohong ea graphite:

1. E sebelisoa e le lintho tse refractory: Graphite le lihlahisoa tsa eona li na le thepa ea ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng le matla, 'me li sebelisoa haholo-holo indastering ea metallurgic ho etsa li-crucible tsa graphite.Ha ho etsoa tšepe, graphite e atisa ho sebelisoa e le ntho e sireletsang li-ingots tsa tšepe le lesela la libopi tsa metallurgical.

2. E le thepa ea conductive: e sebelisoang indastering ea motlakase ho etsa li-electrode, brushes, carbon rods, carbon tubes, li-electrode tse ntle bakeng sa mercury positive current transformers, graphite gaskets, likarolo tsa thelefono, liaparo tsa li-tubes tsa thelevishene, joalo-joalo.

3. Joalo ka sesebelisoa sa ho tlotsa se sa sebetseng: Graphite hangata e sebelisoa e le setlolo indastering ea mechini.Hangata oli e tlotsang e ke ke ea sebelisoa tlas'a maemo a lebelo le phahameng, mocheso o phahameng, le khatello e phahameng, ha lisebelisoa tse sa sebetseng tsa graphite li ka sebetsa ntle le ho tlotsa oli ka lebelo le phahameng la ho thella mocheso oa 200-2000 ℃.Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tsamaisang mecha ea litaba e senyang li entsoe haholo ka lisebelisoa tsa graphite ho etsa linoelo tsa piston, mehele ea ho tiisa, le li-bearings, tse sa hlokeng ho eketsoa ha oli e tlotsang nakong ea ts'ebetso.Emulsion ea graphite e boetse e le setlolo se setle bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tšepe e ngata (setšoantšo sa terata, setšoantšo sa tube).

4. Graphite e na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale.Graphite e entsoeng ka mokhoa o khethehileng e na le litšobotsi tsa ho hanyetsa kutu, ho sebetsa hantle ha mocheso, le ho phunyeletsa ho fokolang, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa li-heaters tsa mocheso, litanka tse arabelang, li-condensers, litora tsa mollo, litora tsa ho monya, li-coolers, heaters, filters le lisebelisoa tsa pompo.E sebelisoa haholo makaleng a indasteri joalo ka petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, tlhahiso ea acid-base, likhoele tsa maiketsetso, ho etsa pampiri, joalo-joalo, e ka boloka thepa e ngata ea tšepe.

Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea graphite e ke keng ea qojoa e fapana ho hanyetsa ho bola ka lebaka la li-resin tse fapaneng tse nang le tsona.Li-phenolic resin impregnators li hanyetsa acid empa ha li hanyetsane le alkali;Furfuryl alcohol resin impregnators ka bobeli li na le asiti le alkali.Ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ho boetse hoa fapana: carbon le graphite li ka mamella 2000-3000 ℃ moeeng o fokolang, 'me li qala ho oxidize ho 350 ℃ le 400 ℃ ka ho latellana sepakapakeng sa oxidizing;Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea graphite e sa keneleng metsi e fapana ho ea ka ntho e emisang, 'me hangata ha e chese mocheso ho ea ka tlase ho 180 ℃ ka ho kenya joala ba phenolic kapa furfuryl.

5. E sebelisetsoa ho lahla, ho etsa lehlabathe, ho bōpa le lisebelisoa tsa metallurgical tse phahameng tsa mocheso: Ka lebaka la coefficient e nyenyane ea ho atolosa mocheso oa graphite le bokhoni ba eona ba ho mamella liphetoho ho pholileng ka potlako le ho futhumatsa, e ka sebelisoa e le hlobo ea glassware.Ka mor'a ho sebelisa graphite, tšepe e ntšo e ka fumana litekanyo tse nepahetseng tsa ho lahla, boreleli bo phahameng le lihlahisoa, 'me e ka sebelisoa ntle le ts'ebetso kapa ts'ebetso e nyenyane, kahoo e boloka tšepe e ngata.Tlhahiso ea li-alloys tse thata le mekhoa e meng ea metallurgy ea phofo hangata e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa graphite ho etsa liketsoana tsa ceramic bakeng sa ho hatisa le ho sintering.The kristale kgolo crucible, lebatowa tlhoekiso setshelo, tšehetso fixture, induction heater, joalo-joalo ea monocrystalline silicon kaofela li sebetswa ho tloha phahameng-hloekileng graphite.Ho feta moo, graphite e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le boto ea ho kenya graphite le setsi sa vacuum smelting, e nang le khanyetso e phahameng ea mocheso.

6. E sebelisoa indastering ea matla a athomo le indastering ea ts'ireletso ea naha: Graphite e na le li-moderator tse babatsehang tsa neutron bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho li-reactor tsa athomo, 'me li-reactor tsa uranium-graphite ke mofuta o sebelisoang haholo oa athomo ea athomo.Thepa ea deceleration e sebelisoang ho li-reactor tsa athomo bakeng sa matla e lokela ho ba le ntlha e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha, botsitso, le ho hanyetsa ho bola, 'me graphite e ka finyella litlhoko tse ka holimo ka botlalo.Tlhokahalo ea bohloeki bakeng sa graphite e sebelisoang e le athomo ea athomo e phahame haholo, 'me lintho tse sa hloekang ha lia lokela ho feta PPM tse ngata.Haholo-holo, litaba tsa boron li lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 0.5PPM.Indastering ea tšireletso ea naha, graphite e boetse e sebelisoa ho etsa li-nozzles bakeng sa lirokete tse tiileng tsa mafura, li-nose cones bakeng sa limisaele, likaroloana tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho tsamaea sebakeng, lisebelisoa tsa ho koala le lisebelisoa tse sireletsang mahlaseli.

7. Graphite e ka boela ea thibela ho eketseha ha boiler.Liteko tse amehang tsa yuniti li bonts'itse hore ho eketsa palo e itseng ea phofo ea graphite (hoo e ka bang ligrama tse 4-5 ka tone ea metsi) ho metsi ho ka thibela ho phahama ha metsi ka holim'a metsi.Ho phaella moo, ho maneha ka graphite holim'a lichimela tsa tšepe, marulelong, marokhong le liphaepheng ho ka thibela ho bola le mafome.

8. Graphite e ka sebelisoa e le lead lead, pigment le e bentšang.Ka mor'a ts'ebetso e khethehileng, graphite e ka etsoa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse khethehileng bakeng sa ho sebelisoa mafapheng a amehang a indasteri.

9. Electrode: Graphite e na le conductivity e ntle le khanyetso e tlaase.Li-electrode tsa graphite li ka hlahisoa bakeng sa libopi tsa ho qhibilihisa le libono tsa motlakase tsa arc lifekthering tsa tšepe le tsa silicon.