Graphite ke allotrope ea elemental carbon, moo athomo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea k'habone e pota-potiloeng ke liathomo tse ling tse tharo tsa carbon (tse hlophisitsoeng ka khekhe ea linotši joaloka mohlala o nang le li-hexagon tse ngata) tse kopantsoeng ka bonngoe ho etsa limolek'hule tse kopanetsoeng.

Graphite e na le lintho tse latelang tse ikhethang ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se ikhethileng:

1) Ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng: Sebaka se qhibilihang sa graphite ke 3850 ± 50 ℃, 'me ntlha e belang ke 4250 ℃.Esita le ka mor'a ho chesoa ke mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso o phahameng, ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele ke ntho e nyenyane haholo,' me coefficient ea ho atolosoa ha mocheso le eona e nyenyane haholo.Matla a graphite a eketseha ka mocheso, 'me ho 2000 ℃, matla a graphite a imena habeli.

2) Conductivity le mocheso oa mocheso: The conductivity ea graphite e phahame ka makhetlo a lekholo ho feta ea liminerale tse tloaelehileng tse se nang tšepe.Thermal conductivity e feta ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse kang tšepe, tšepe le loto.Thermal conductivity ea fokotseha ka mocheso o ntseng o eketseha, mme esita le mocheso o phahameng haholo, graphite e fetoha insulator.Graphite e ka tsamaisa motlakase hobane athomo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea k'habone ka graphite e etsa li-bond tse tharo tsa covalent le liathomo tse ling tsa carbon, 'me athomo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea k'habone e ntse e boloka elektrone e le 'ngoe ea mahala ho fetisetsa litefiso.

3) Lubricity: Ts'ebetso ea lubrication ea graphite e itšetlehile ka boholo ba li-flakes tsa graphite.Ha li-flakes li le kholoanyane, li-coefficient tsa khohlano li nyane, le ts'ebetso ea lubrication e betere.

4) Botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale: Graphite e na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale mochesong oa kamore, 'me e khona ho mamella acid, alkali le corrosion ea organic solvent.

5) Plasticity: Graphite e na le boima bo botle 'me e ka siloa ka maqephe a tšesaane haholo.

6) Ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso: Graphite e ka mamella liphetoho tse matla tsa mocheso ntle le tšenyo ha e sebelisoa mocheso oa kamore.Ha mocheso o fetoha ka tšohanyetso, molumo oa graphite ha o fetohe haholo ebile o ke ke oa peperana.

Tšebeliso:
1. E sebelisoa e le thepa ea refractory: Graphite le lihlahisoa tsa eona li na le thepa ea ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng le matla a phahameng.Li sebelisoa haholo indastering ea metallurgic ho etsa li-crucible tsa graphite.Ha ho etsoa tšepe, graphite e atisa ho sebelisoa e le ntho e sireletsang li-ingots tsa tšepe le lesela la libopi tsa metallurgical.

2. E le thepa ea conductive: e sebelisoang indastering ea motlakase ho etsa li-electrode, li-brushes, li-carbon rod, li-tubes tsa carbon, li-electrode tse ntle bakeng sa li-mercury rectifiers, likhase tsa graphite, likarolo tsa mohala, liphahlo tsa li-tubes tsa thelevishene, joalo-joalo.

3. Joalo ka sesebelisoa sa ho tlotsa se sa sebetseng: Graphite hangata e sebelisoa e le setlolo indastering ea mechini.Hangata oli e tlotsang e ke ke ea sebelisoa tlas'a lebelo le phahameng, mocheso o phahameng, le maemo a khatello e phahameng, athe lisebelisoa tse sa tsitsang tsa graphite li ka sebetsa ntle le ho tlotsa oli ka lebelo le phahameng la ho thella mocheso oa 200-2000 ℃.Lisebelisoa tse ngata tse tsamaisang mecha ea litaba e senyang haholo li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa graphite ho etsa linoelo tsa piston, mehele e tiisang, le li-bearings, tse sa hlokeng ho eketsoa ha oli e tlotsang nakong ea ts'ebetso.Emulsion ea graphite e boetse e le setlolo se setle bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea tšepe e ngata (setšoantšo sa terata, setšoantšo sa tube).
4. Graphite e na le botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale.Graphite e entsoeng ka mokhoa o khethehileng, e nang le litšobotsi tse kang ho hanyetsa kutu, mocheso o motle oa mocheso, le ho phunyeletsa ha mocheso o tlaase, e sebelisoa haholo tlhahiso ea mocheso oa mocheso, litanka tsa ho arabela, li-condensers, litora tsa mollo, litora tsa ho monya, li-coolers, heaters, filters le lisebelisoa tsa pompo.E sebelisoa haholo makaleng a indasteri a kang petrochemicals, hydrometallurgy, tlhahiso ea acid-base, likhoele tsa maiketsetso le ho etsa pampiri, e ka boloka thepa e ngata ea tšepe.

Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea graphite e ke keng ea qojoa e fapana ho hanyetsa ho bola ka lebaka la li-resin tse fapaneng tse nang le tsona.Li-phenolic resin impregnators li hanyetsa acid empa ha li hanyetsane le alkali;Furfuryl alcohol resin impregnators ka bobeli li na le asiti le alkali.Ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ho boetse hoa fapana: carbon le graphite li ka mamella 2000-3000 ℃ sebakeng se fokotsang, 'me li qala ho oxidize ho 350 ℃ le 400 ℃ sebakeng sa oxidizing, ka ho latellana;Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea graphite e sa keneleng metsi e fapana ho ea ka ntho e emisang, 'me hangata ha e chese mocheso ho ea ka tlase ho 180 ℃ ka ho kenya joala ba phenolic kapa furfuryl.

5. E sebelisetsoa ho lahla, ho fetola lehlabathe, ho bōpa le lisebelisoa tsa metallurgical tse phahameng tsa mocheso: Ka lebaka la coefficient e nyenyane ea ho atolosoa ha mocheso oa graphite le bokhoni ba eona ba ho mamella liphetoho ho pholileng ka potlako le ho futhumatsa, e ka sebelisoa e le hlobo bakeng sa glassware.Ka mor'a ho sebelisa graphite, tšepe e ntšo e ka fumana litekanyo tse nepahetseng hantle, bokaholimo bo boreleli le chai e ngata.E ka sebelisoa ntle le ts'ebetso kapa ts'ebetso e fokolang, kahoo e boloka palo e kholo ea tšepe.Mekhoa ea metallurgy ea phofo e kang ho hlahisa li-alloys tse thata ka tloaelo li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa graphite ho etsa liketsoana tsa ceramic bakeng sa ho hatisa le ho sintering.The kristale kgolo crucible, lebatowa tlhoekiso setshelo, tšehetso fixture, induction heater, joalo-joalo ea monocrystalline silicon kaofela li sebetswa ho tloha phahameng-hloekileng graphite.Ho feta moo, graphite e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le boto ea ho kenya graphite le setsi sa vacuum smelting, hammoho le likarolo tse kang li-tubes tsa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, lithupa, lipoleiti le marang-rang.

6. E sebelisoa indastering ea matla a athomo le indasteri ea tšireletso ea naha: Graphite e na le li-moderator tse babatsehang tsa neutron tse sebelisoang ho li-athomo tsa athomo, 'me li-reactor tsa uranium graphite ke mofuta o sebelisoang haholo oa athomo ea athomo.Thepa ea deceleration e sebelisoang ho li-reactor tsa athomo bakeng sa matla e lokela ho ba le ntlha e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha, botsitso, le ho hanyetsa ho bola, 'me graphite e ka finyella litlhoko tse ka holimo ka botlalo.Tlhokahalo ea bohloeki bakeng sa graphite e sebelisoang ho li-reactor tsa athomo e phahame haholo, 'me lintho tse sa hloekang ha lia lokela ho feta tse ngata tsa PPMs.Haholo-holo, litaba tsa boron li lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 0.5PPM.Indastering ea ts'ireletso ea naha, graphite e boetse e sebelisoa ho etsa li-nozzles bakeng sa lirokete tse tiileng tsa mafura, li-cone tsa nko bakeng sa limisaele, lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa ho tsamaea sebakeng, lisebelisoa tsa ho koala le lisebelisoa tse thibelang mahlaseli a kotsi.

7. Graphite e ka boela ea thibela ho eketseha ha boiler.Liteko tse amehang tsa yuniti li bonts'itse hore ho eketsa palo e itseng ea phofo ea graphite (hoo e ka bang ligrama tse 4-5 ka tone ea metsi) ho metsi ho ka thibela ho phahama ha metsi.Ho phaella moo, ho maneha ka graphite holim'a lichimela tsa tšepe, marulelong, marokhong le liphaepheng ho ka thibela ho bola le mafome.

Graphite e ka sebelisoa e le setsi sa pele sa pensele, pigment le ho bentša.Kamora ts'ebetso e khethehileng, graphite e ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse ikhethileng bakeng sa makala a amehang a indasteri.